Tunnel structured Na0.54MnO2 nanorods synthesized at high-temperature: Cathode material for aqueous Na-ion batteries

Abstract

The Na<inf>0.54</inf>MnO<inf>2</inf> powder is synthesized by the glycine nitrate method followed by annealing at 950 °C. Its crystal structure resembles a 3d tunnel with rod-like shapes, with an average crystallite width of 130 nm and a length in the micron range. The electrochemical performance of the Na<inf>0.54</inf>MnO<inf>2</inf> - based electrode is tested in a NaNO<inf>3</inf> solution. During potential cycling, the Na⁺ ions intercalation/deintercalation processes remain reversible, indicating good stability. For the current densities of 1000, 2000, and 5000 mA g⁻¹, the calculated specific capacities are 72.6, 66.8, and 57.5 mAh g⁻¹, respectively. Due to its suitable morphology for easy Na⁺ ions intercalation/deintercalation and good electrochemical performance, Na<inf>0.54</inf>MnO<inf>2</inf> is a promising cathode material for aqueous Na-ion batteries.