Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache

Abstract

Cluster headache (CH) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of strictly unilateral excruciating pain accompanied by trigemino-autonomic signs, which significantly impacts the quality of life, social interactions, and occupational functioning of those who are affected. To promote a better understanding of this disabling condition and to foster research on the topic, this review provides a comprehensive description of the hallmarks of CH, including its clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology, and current and novel therapeutic targets. It concludes by describing the disease burden and advocating for significant improvements in healthcare systems, and promoting health equity, as well as reducing stigma.